Safety In Maldives Construction Industry Construction Essay

Safety In Maldives structure Industry Construction EssayConstruction industry is a very(prenominal) unique industry in terms of radically aspects and stages comp atomic number 18 to other fixed conveyplace like factories. Most of the actual do carry is done by using human labor. Construction industry has been considered as a highly hazardous industry because of the high incidence of accidents and fatality rate. To improve the image of the industry, stakeholders should keep an eye on an accepted standard guide breed of wellness and Safety (HS) in turn industry. Providing a safe and health workplace is a key to success in business (B.Ahmodn et al, 2006). Accidents and property damage create great impact to stakeholders of the declare oneself such as delays in operation and also directly and indirectly acquire cost. Therefore, its an obligation of the whirl companies to bequeath a health and safe workplace for their employees and for public.International Labour Organiza tion (ILO) Constitution sets forth the principle that workers should be saved from sickness, disease and injury arising from their employment (ILO.ORG). According to ILO estimates, 55,000 people suffer fatal injuries every year. She also mentioned main cause of fatal injuries in crook in each unsophisticated is by falling from heights, and this is principally due to the neediness of proper edge protection in a variety of reflection tasks (Fiona, 2002).This look into is based on the health and prophylactic in Maldives spin industry, and will provide an everywhereview ab knocked extinct(p) the health and safe in develop and developing country.1.2 line of work StatementConstruction industry is an important sector in Maldives economy. But accidents, injuries, fatalities continue to occur on tress site, generally formula industry erect on lack of aw beness on the importance of health and gumshoe. health and pencil eraser in construction industry is far ex ten-spotsive th an a worker wearing a safety helmet and safety shoes at site. Health and safety is a attitude that identifies and reduces job site hazardous throughout the lifecycle of a work project.Major concern need to be deal with is the lack of national regulations outline health and safety obligation at nations construction sites. There are no laws encouraging construction companies to adopt in workplace.Most stakeholders of the industry have overlooked on occupational safety and health (OSH) due to lack of regulation or guideline to follow. Little or no attention is given to health and safety, as stakeholders are not setting aside funds to ensure health and safety is being met. Furthermore, most construction project meetings do not address health and safety as an agenda specific, which is a further indication of lack of payload to health and safety.1.3 Aim of the ResearchThe aim of this research is to describe develop a standard health and safety guide line for Maldives construction indu stry.1.4 Research ObjectivesThe objectives of this study areTo identify construction industry health and safety in a developing country and a developed country.To determine the health and safety in Maldives construction industry.To develop a standard guideline for health and safety in Maldives construction industry.1.5 Scope of ResearchScope of the research is based on Maldives capital city Male. The research focuses on the health and safety awareness and current cause of health and safety in Maldives construction companies.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWTO IDENTIFY CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY HEALTH AND SAFETY IN A ontogenesis COUNTRY AND A DEVELOPED COUNTRY.2.1 IntroductionMajor sources of the difference of health and safety performance in developing and developed countries are management commitment, supervisory environment, culture and competence level (Teo, Haupt Feng 2008497).A study done in Tanzania, a developing country, suggest that the main reason for the awful situation of health and safety on construction sites are due to the lack of necessary commitment from key stakeholders that include the government. Study also indicated that the government and its agencies have been reeking in monitoring and enforcing the laws governing health and safety on construction sites and also lack of human and financial resources has disperse from developed countries (Mwombeki, 2006426).Research carried out in developing countries that included African countries, such as Egypt, Malawi, Nigeria, Botswana and South Africa revealed that (Cibb Bust, 2006 65-77)Lack of support from clients on health and safety ideasPriority on health and safety is not same as developed countriesHealth and safety regulations are inadequately enforced by authorities.This chapter will describe an overview of health and safety in Malaysia as a developing country and UK as a developed country.2.2 Health and Safety in Malaysia Construction IndustryIn todays current society, occupational safety and he alth has become an important subject in terms of financial, ethical and legislative. To survive in the global competitive market, companies are adopting to apology occupants health and safety. Most companys strong safety and health programs may actually mean survival.According to 3rd June 2012 Boreno Post online news, Social Security Organization (SOCSO) is targeting fivesome per cent reduction in workplace accidents this year. Branch manager Dundang Undong declared that a aggregate of RM4.3million was made out in compensation claims for 1,497 cases of workplace accidents culture year. SOCSO 2003 report on construction industry shows that 4,654 accident cases were reported. The total death cases are 882 from all industries and out of that 92 cases are from construction industry which is 11.56% of total death percentage of the industry. SOSCO report only involves Malaysian workers and not included international workers (SOSCO, 2003).A study by Chai G. Mei on An analysis of accid ents statistics in Malaysia construction sector tabled a summary of major accidents in Malaysias construction industry as in table 1. The study also mentioned of about leap of accidents in the construction industry occurred every month on year 2997. defer 1 Summary of major accidents in Malaysias construction industry from 2005-200820052006200720081) hulk crane broke into two and fell onto quaternion Indonesian constructionworkers at a construction site construct apartment located at Batu 14, Puchong.1) Landslide occurred at a construction site located at Taman Desa, Kuala Lumpur bury killed a 35 year old Indonesian man at about 3.30pm while he was running(a) on some iron steel beam foundations for the fiveblock 609 units condominium complexes1) Death of two workers and severe injuries on ten workers at The Pavillion Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Bukit Bintang construction site where the cables of the workmens lift at the posh condominium and shopping complex project snapped and plummet ed 15 metres to the ground.1) Two Malaysian construction workers were buried alive by excavated sand pile in a 3.6m deep sewer trench at Taman Merbau phase two construction site in Changlun.2) Iron mould weighing almost two tonnes fell from 20 storey condominiums infra construction onto Dr. Liew Boon Horngs BMW killed him and Severely injured his wife and the device driver at Plaza Damas located along Jalan Hartamas.2) Negligence of three construction companies, led to the death of another Indonesian worker on 15 may 2006 located at Lot 206, character 63, Lorong Binjai where a 32-storey of 100 units apartment was to be built.2) Death of two Malaysian construction workers, buried alive four meters deep in a landslide while working on the fencing located at Taman Merbau 2, Fasa III at Kubang, Pasu2) Twenty five foreign workers escaped without major injuries when the structure they were standing gave expression in one of the construction sites in Kuching.3) Two sides collapsed of a bridge that was under construction at 3.2 kilometers of the Klang Valley Highway that caused the death of two Bangladesh workers.3) One foreign construction site worker died another colleagueseverely injured at the construction site of the prestigious KK Times Square commercial complex after piles of sand fell on them in Kota Kinabalu.4) Three Indonesian construction workers fell from scaffolding to their deaths when they slipped from the top floor of a 21-storey condominium under construction and landed on the fifth floor at Taman Tampoi Indah.5) Bricks fell from the construction site in Taman Bukit Angkasa, Kerinchi on several cars parked at the nearby flats during a three hour downpour6) Eight huge concrete beams with a measurement of at least 40m long and 70 tonnes weight of an uncompleted flyover near Nilai collapsed, which narrowly missed a motorist and his aged parents.occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) enacted in year 1994 by the Government of Malaysia. persona 4, o bjective of act under OSHA 1994 mentionedto secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at workto protect persons at a place of work other than persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at workto promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their physiological and psychological involveThe Department of occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Ministry of Human Resources and other government agencies have regulation and sub judice requirement to ensure the safety and health of not only workers, but also the public. . DOSH policy consists ofTo prepare and preserve a workplace with a safe and healthy working systemTo ensure that all staff are provided with the relevant information, instruction, training and supervision regarding methods to carry out their duties in a safe manner and without causing any risk to healthTo in vestigate all accidents, diseases, poisonous and/or dangerous occurrences, and to have action to ensure that these occurrences will not be repeatedTo comply with all requirements of legislations cerebrate to safety and health as stated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, as well as regulations and codes of practice which have been sanction (www.dosh.gov.my).Construction site create risk not only for the construction workers, but also for the public. Therefore the general public must be protected from hazards associated with the construction work that may be carried out in a public area or adjacent to such area (DOSH).Department of Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for earthly concern Safety and Health at Construction SitesDOSH, Guidelines for Public Safety and Health at Construction Site, is a guideline endorsed by the Departments Jawatankuasa Semakan Dasar chaired by the Director General of the Department of Occupational Safety and Health. The objective of these guidelines is to provide guidance to employers on how good work practice can be carried out on every activity in the construction to prevent accidents to the workers and public.Below describes some of the functions of the guidelineSection 4 Notification of an Operation describes the section 35 under Factories and machineries Act 1967 that every work or engineering construction must inform DOSH not less than seven days ahead commencement of work unless the work can be completed within six days.Section 6 of the guidelines is about the Safety and Health Organization and under this section it has mentioned about the employers obligation to prepare written general policy with respect to the safety and health at work of his employees and the organization and arrangements to carry out the policy.Following are the sub sections for section 66.1- Safety and health Policy6.2- Safety and Health Committee6.3- Occupational Safety and Health musical arrangement6.4- Safety and Health Offic er6.5- Site Safety Supervisor6.6- Contractor Safety SupervisorSection 7 describes the General Duties of the Employers according to the section 16, of OSHA 1994.Section 8 describes the General Duties of the Architects, Engineers and Designers stating that a safe design and construction must be considered to the safety of the workers and the public. Designers, architects should not include anything in the design that leads to unsafe construction procedure and create undue hazards. Section 8 also describes about the safety and health facilities to be included in design for such work to be performed with minimum risk.Section 9 Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC)Section 10 Emergency Response PlanSection 11 HoardingSection 12 Movement of Vehicular TrafficSection 13 Disconnection of UtilitiesSection 14 DemolitionSection 15 Blasting and use of ExplosiveSection 16 Removal of DebrisSection 17 Site ClearingSection 18 Excavation swear outSection 19 Piling WorkSecti on 20 Superstructure20.1 Scaffolds20.2 Safety Nets and Peripheral Nets20.3 Catch Platforms20.4 Concrete WorkSection 21 FinishesSection 22 Use of Hoisting Equipment22.1 General22.2 Erection22.3 Jacking224 Operation22.5 Inspection and Testing22.6 Maintenance and Repair22.7 Dismantling22.8 Crane Storage (DOSH Ministry of Human Resources)Table 2 shows the number of occupational death rates from 2007 to 2011 within the 10 industries. The death rate in the construction industry is the highest in year 2007, the total number of 95 deaths. But statistic has dropped to 51 in year 2011 which is a good phenomenon for the construction industry.Table 2 Number of Occupational Death place 2007-2011Industrial Categories / YearNumber of Occupational Death Rates20072008200920102011Manufacturing6376635945Mining Quarrying96317Construction9572716651Agriculture3042443041Utility101923115Transport / Communication28181411Trade30001Hotel Restaurant01002Financial Insurance44116Public Services32137Total2192 30224185176Source DOSH 2011Figure 1 shows the statistic by DOSH on occupational accidents by sector in 2011. It shows that 51 deaths, 43 non permanent disability and 5 permanent disability in construction industry.Figure 1 Statistic of occupational accidents by sector 2011- source DOSHIn the Construction Industry Master Plane (CIMP) 2006-2015 highlighted about Strive for the highest standard of occupational safety and health. It stated that, long term development of the industry requires accountability of the stakeholders to achieve the highest standard of occupational safety and health. To achieve this standard, stakeholders awareness must be increase and to capital punishment of occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS). Furthermore, to develop occupational safety and health program need to raise awareness, education and training, enforcement of legislation, guide line and codes (CIDB 2008).2.3 Health and Safety in Great Britain Construction IndustryGreat Britain h as a 150 years history of health and safety regulation. The current health and safety act is called Health and Safety at work (HSW) Act 1974. This Act has been modified in 2008 to provide integrated institutional structure and legal framework for health and safety regulation.Health and safety law is enforced by health and safety executive (HSE) in many workplaces ranging from health and safety in nuclear installation and mines through to factories, school and hospitals.According to HSE guide, health and safety inspectors have important statutory power as they can autograph any premises without any warning. And if they are not satisfied with the level of health and safety, they can issue information and advice, issue improvement notices requiring problems to be put right within a specified time, serve a prohibition notice stopping activity either with immediate or deferred effect, and (in England and Wales) prosecute for the most serious failings (hse.gov.uk).According to HSE statis tic, there is a significant reductions in the number and rate of injury over the last 20 years or more. Yet, construction remains a high risk industry. Although it accounts for only about 5% of the employees in Britain it still accounts for 27% of fatal injuries to employees and 9% of reported major injuries. In 2010 to 2011 there were 50 fatal injuries to workers. The number of fatality injures to employees has been reduced by two-thirds compared with 20 years ago. It also stated that over 5000 occupational cancer cases are estimated to arise each year as a result of past exposures in the construction sector (HSE, 2011).Figure 2 20 year form in worker fatalities- sourcewww. hse.gov.ukCHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEWTO DETERMINE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN MALDIVES CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY3.1 IntroductionThis chapter will provide some information and facts about Maldives in general and also will determine the health and safety in Maldives construction industry.3.1.1 General Information on Maldiv esTable 3 General information of MaldivesGovernment TypeRepublicIndependenceJuly 26, 1985 (formerly a British protectorate)No of Atolls20AreaSpread over 115,300 sq. km square kilometers in the Indian Ocean southwest of IndiaThe capitalMalePopulation(2009 est.) 314,000 (plus 80,000 expatriate workers who are not counted in the census).The life antepast74 yearsLanguageDhivehi (official) English considered as second languageCurrencyMVR 15.50 (Rufiyaa) = USD 1GDP2010 total USD 926 million, USD 2896 per capita.Weather and ClimateTropical, two monsoon in a year, annual mean temperature 28.3CLiteracy97%Sources Department of National Planning 2010, UNDP, 20113.1.2 GeographyFor administrative purpose 1,192 (Inhabited 194, Uninhabited 998) islands are further divided up in to 20 atolls (Department of National Planning, 2010). Among these islands, only four islands have a population of 5,000 or more and only 10 islands are larger than 2.5sq km (R. Bassam 2011).3.2 Maldives Construction Indus tryThe construction industry has contributed 10 percent of the GDP and accounts for 5 percent of the national employment entropy (The World Bank, 2006). With the growth of tourism, and the Tsunami-reconstruction activities, construction industry to the economy is to expect to grow significantly ( Seventh National Development Plane 2006-2010).Of the total labor force of the construction industry, more than 70 percent is provided by expatriate labor particularly at the skilled and unskilled levels. Most of the top level managers have university degree or diploma-level training in addition to work experience in the industry. Of the total employment about 10 percent are professionals (Architects, Engineers, QS or PM), while the rest consists of 34 percent skilled and 56 percent unskilled workers. (The World Bank, 2006).3.2.1 Maldives Association of Construction Industry (MACI)Construction companies of Maldives with the support of Maldives Government established MACI on thirtieth Octobe r 2001. MACI is the official representative of construction industry in Maldives with 46 members actively involved in improving the construction industry. Objective of MACI is to combine all relative services in construction to develop and promote a united industry. The Association aims to achieve greater professionalism and quality in construction industry (www.business.com.mv)3.3 Health and Safety in Maldives Construction Industry.On September 30th 2012, a local newspaper reported that the small number of building site deaths recoded in the Maldives recent years is more the result of good fortune rather than industry commitment to safety. The report was regarding the death of a Bangladeshi national working in the capital Male fell from the sixth floor of a building site on 19th June 2012. The employee was not believed to be wearing any safety gear when he died (Minivan News, 2012).President of the MACI, Mohamed Ali Janah told Minivan News that he believed a lack of national regul ations outlining health and safety responsibility at the national building sites. He mentioned that judging the standard of occupational health and safety in Maldives construction sites there were very few places in the world that would approve the way the work is conducted. (Minivan News, 30th Sep 2012).Health and safety has been an issue for years in Maldives construction industry. Clients are also not setting aside coin to ensure health and safety measures are being met and stakeholders do not understand the importance of health and safety in site (MACI, 2012).All project stakeholders have a responsibility of ensuring health and safety, starting from the government and the people that actually initiate projects. Health and safety must be achieved by the commitment from all construction project clients, all level management, and equal commitment by construction workers (Coble and Haupt, 1999).MACI requested to Ministry of Economic and Development, Ahmed Mohamed, for a solution to the problem of safety measures on the construction sites (sun.mv, 14th October 2012)According to Seventh National Development Plane 2006-2010, stated that to implement the building code of the Maldives under construction policies and strategies, item 2.1 as a strategy and item 2.7 stated that Enable formulation of construction industry related to health and safety regulations and established database on health and safety issues (Ministry of Planning and National Development, 2008).3.3.1 Maldives Building Code 1st Edition 2008Maldives Building Code was published on August 2008 by Ministry of Construction and Public Infrastructure to ensure thatthe safety of the built environmentT0 provide flexibility in designThe building code will be empowered from a set of building regulations which itself will be bound by a building act. However a building act has not yet been passed (Ministry of Construction and Public Infrastructure, 2008).Section F of the Building Code is Safety of Users, whi ch defines the following contents crazy agent on siteHazardous building materialsHazardous substances and processSafety from fallingConstruction and demolition hazardsLighting for emergencyWarning systemSigns (The Building Code 2008)CHAPTER 4 REASARCH METHODOLOGY4.1 IntroductionThe purpose of this chapter is to describe and explain the methodology used in this research in order to accomplished the aim of the research.4.2 Research DesignThe researcher will pervade 100 questionnaires to different stakeholders in the construction industry of Maldives. Such as clients, consultants and contractors in Male city.Researcher will interview with a company in Male city regarding occupational health and safety.4.3 Research MethodThe researcher will distribute 100 questionnaires by using emails and by the use of Google documents.4.4 original Data and Secondary DataPrimary data is the data that will be collected from the distribution of questionnaires to the targeted respondents. In this case, the clients, consultants and contractors are the target.Secondary data is the data that will be collected from the literature review, such as books, journals, newspaper, internet and others.4.5 Data Analysis TechniqueData receives from the respondents will be analysis by using Google documents software